Rudolf Duala Manga Bell

According to UNESCO, Rudolf Duala Manga Bell was King of the Duala and grandson of the signatory of the 1884 protection treaty. He opposed the German plan to expropriate Duala land to create a district reserved for Europeans in Douala. Tried for high treason, he was hanged in Douala on 8 August 1914. The same day, at Ebolowa, Martin-Paul Samba was shot by firing squad after separate proceedings. Historians such as Mark Dike DeLancey and Helmuth Stoecker see his stand as one of the earliest examples of Cameroonian nationalism.